STT-MRAM (also called STT-RAM or sometimes ST-MRAM and ST-RAM) is an advanced type of MRAM devices. STT-MRAM enables higher densities, low power consumption and reduced cost compared to regular (so-called Toggle MRAM) devices. The main advantage of STT-MRAM over Toggle MRAM is the ability to scale the STT-MRAM chips to achieve higher densities at a lower cost.

STT-MRAM has the potential to become a leading storage technology as it is a high-performance memory (can challenge DRAM and SRAM) that can scale well below 10nm and challenge the low cost of flash memory.

What is STT-MRAM?

STT stands for Spin-Transfer Torque. In an STT-MRAM device, the spin of the electrons is flipped using a spin-polarized current. This effect is achieved in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) or a spin-valve, and STT-MRAM devices use STT tunnel junctions (STT-MTJ). A spin-polarized current is created by passing a current though a thin magnetic layer. This current is then directed into a thinner magnetic layer which transfers the angular momentum to the thin layer which changes its spin.

What is perpendicular STT-MRAM?

A "regular" STT-MRAM structure (similar to the one you see above) uses an in-plane MTJ (iMTJ). Some STT-MRAM devices use a more optimized structure called perpendicular MTJ (pMTJ) in which the magnetic moments are perpendicular to the silicon substrate surface.

Perpendicular STT-MRAM is more scalable compared to iMTJ STT-MRAM and is also more cost competitive. Perpendicular STT-MRAM is thus a more promising technology to replace DRAM and other memory technologies

STT-MRAM chips

Several companies, including IBM and Samsung, Everspin, Avalanche Technologies, Spin Transfer Technologies and Crocus are developing STT-MRAM chips. In April 2016 Everspin announced that it started shipping 256Mb ST-MRAM samples to customers. The new chips demonstrate interface speeds comparable to DRAM, with DDR3 and DDR4 interfaces. Volume production is expected "soon".

In August 2016 Everspin started sampling pMTJ-based ST-MRAM chips. The first chips are also 256Mb in size, but the pMTJ versions offer improved performance, higher endurance, lower power, and better scalability compared to previous iMTJ ST-MRAM products. Everspin is now ramping out 256Mb pMTJ ST-MRAM production and is developing a scaled-down 1Gb version.

 

 

Latest STT-MRAM news

Everspin reported its preliminary Q4 2020 and full-year 2020 financial results

Everspin Technologies announced its preliminary Q4 2020 financial results. Total revenues were $10 million, down from $10.1 million in Q3 and up from $9.7 million in Q4 2019. Net loss int he quarter was $1.6 million, but the company generated $0.6 million in cash flow - Everspin's second consecutive positive cash flow from operations quarter.

Everspin Technologies chip photo

Looking at FY2020, Everspin's revenues increased 12.1% to $42 million. At the end of the year, Everspin had $14.6 million in cash and equivalents. In Q4 2020, the company also received its first royalty revenue from GF for embedded 22FDX process MRAM.

Read the full story Posted: Mar 01,2021

IBM to reveal the world's first 14nm STT-MRAM node

IBM announced that during the 2020 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM 2020), that is now being held virtually, its researchers will reveal the first 14 nm node STT-MRAM. IBM says that efficient and high-performance STT-MRAM systems will help to address memory-compute bottlenecks in hybrid cloud systems.

IBM says that the 14 nm node embedded MRAM which will be revealed is the most advanced MRAM demonstrated to date. It features circuit design and process technology that could soon enable system designers to replace SRAM with twice the amount of MRAM in last-level CPU cache.

Read the full story Posted: Dec 15,2020

Everspin reports its financial results for Q3 2020, is cash flow positive for the first time ever

Everspin Technologies announced its Q3 2020 financial results, with revenues of $10.1 million, up 10% from Q3 2019 ($9.2 million) but down $14% from Q2 2020 ($11.8 million). The company's net less was $3.9 million.
Everspin Technologies chip photo

Looking at the balance sheet, Everspin reports a cash flow of $1 million in the quarter - this was the first quarter ever for Everspin to have a positive cash flow.

 

Read the full story Posted: Nov 08,2020

Numem to supply its STT-MRAM to a NASA AI core project

High-performance STT-MRAM developer Numem announced that it has been selected for a NASA AI project, for which the company will supply its Numem NuRAM MRAM-based Memory. Numem says its memory enables a 2-3x smaller memory area and 20x to 50x lower standby power compared to SRAM.

The project, titled “DNN Radiation Hardened Co-processor as companion chip to NASA’s upcoming High-Performance Spaceflight Computing Processor” will develop a reconfigurable DNN Engine with multiple compute units which can support a wide range of DNN models and frame rates.

Read the full story Posted: Oct 09,2020

Superlattice and half-metallic magnets used to developed SS-MRAM, an ultra-high performance MRAM device

Researchers from the National Taiwan University developed an ultra-high performance MTJ, using a superlattice barrier and half-metallic magnets. The so-called superlattice-MTJ can be the basis of a new class of STT-MRAM (which the researcher call SS-MRAM) that achieves ultra-low power RA and write operations, high writing speed and unlimited endurance.

Geometric structure of a three-cell superlattice MTJ (National Taiwan University)

SS-MRAM adopts a superlattice barrier that replaces the MgO layer used in common STT-MRAM. The MgO layer is unstable and also suffers from a very large RA which results in high power consumption for writing operations. The superlattice has higher spin polarization than MgO and so the SS-MARM can provides not only ultra-high MR ratio but also ultra-low RA for high-speed and low power writing.

Read the full story Posted: Oct 06,2020

Avalanche Technology's Serial P-SRAM STT-MRAM memory devices are now shipping

pMTJ STT-MRAM developer Avalanche Technology announced that its new industrial-grade Serial (SPI) P-SRAM (Persistent SRAM) memory devices are now available. The Serial (SPI) memory devices are designed to be drop-in replacements to Cypress F-RAM and Everspin Toggle MRAM memory products.

Avalanche pMTJ STT-MRAM P-SRAM Serial QSPI Evaluation Kit photo

The Series (SPI) series supports up to 50MHz clock rate in 1Mb and 4Mb density options, in two packages - 8-pin SOIC and 8-pin WSON. These use Avalanche's 40nm pMTJ STT-MRAM chips.

Read the full story Posted: Sep 29,2020

Successful MRAM Production Requires Good Magnetic Test Equipment

This is a sponsored post by Integral Solutions Int'l

MRAM is likely to be the most promising next-generation non-volatile memory technology today. Toggle MRAM and STT-MRAM are already entering the market, gaining market share in many applications. Next-generation MRAM technologies, such as SOT-MRAM could enable the replacement of even the fastest SRAM applications, with higher densities.

MRAM Manufacturing Process Flow (Coughlin)Source: Coughlin Associates, 2019

The MRAM production process has many stages, as device architecture is relatively complex, with a magnetic cell (frontplane) fabricated on top of a CMOS backplane. (use Figure 2 or Figure 3 from Coughlin). Measurement and characterization of devices are highly important, and the production of MRAM memories depend on measurement tools are are specialized for MRAM and STT-MRAM measurements.

Read the full story Posted: May 26,2020

Everspin and Globalfoundries extend their MRAM agreement to 12 nm processes

Everspin Technologies announced that it has amended its STT-MRAM joint development agreement (JDA) with GLOBALFOUNDRIES to set the terms for a future project on an advanced 12 nm FinFET MRAM solution. Everspin agreement included 40 nm, 28 nm and 22 nm processes, and now also include 12 nm.

Everspin 1Gb STT-MRAM chip photo

GF recently announced it has achieved initial production of embedded MRAM (eMRAM) on its 22FDX platform.

Read the full story Posted: Mar 12,2020

Researchers show how antiferromagnetic STT-MRAM technology can enable higher-density and lower energy memory

Researchers from Northwestern University suggest building STT-MRAM devices from antiferromagnetic materials - as opposed to the currently-used ferromagnetic ones. The researchers say that these materials will enable higher-density devices that feature high speed writing with low currents.

Antiferromagnetic materials are magnetically ordered at the microscopic scale, but not at the macroscopic scale. This means that there is no magnetic force between adjacent bits in MRAM cells built from these materials - which means you can pack them very close together.

Read the full story Posted: Feb 21,2020